A massive Russian aid convoy rumbled towards Ukraine's border on Wednesday as Kiev vowed to block what it fears could be a Trojan Horse bringing military assistance to pro-Kremlin rebels fighting a bloody insurgency in the east.

Russian television images showed a line of nearly 300 lorries moving through the countryside, covered with white tarpaulin and stretching over almost three kilometres (two miles).

The mission has sparked fears the four-month conflict could be about to escalate even further.

The number of people killed in eastern Ukraine has nearly doubled in two weeks to 2,086, including at least 20 children, the UN human rights agency said, adding that the figure should be considered "very conservative".

Western powers say Russia might use the aid operation to sneak in troops or weapons for pro-Moscow insurgents, who have been losing ground against government troops in eastern Ukraine.

Ukraine's interior minister Arsen Avakov lashed out at Moscow's move as a "provocation by the cynical aggressor" and reiterated Kiev's insistence that "no humanitarian convoy of (Russian President Vladimir) Putin's will be allowed to cross the territory."

Earlier, it said the trucks would be stopped at the border, and the aid unloaded and transported into conflict-torn eastern Ukraine with the help of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

Russia insists it has coordinated the mission with the ICRC and that the convoy does not include military personnel.

But the ICRC has denied it is involved and told AFP they had not been able to check what is inside the convoy.

Take back your bandits

A journalist from Russian tabloid Komsomolskaya Pravda travelling with the convoy wrote on Twitter on Wednesday morning that the lorries had halted as they waited for "political decisions" to be taken.

Other Russian journalists with the convoy said it was due to arrive at the border by evening.

There were concerns in Kiev that the vehicles, officially bound for a government-controlled border checkpoint, could take a different route to the east across a rebel-held stretch of the border.

The convoy -- with between 262 and 287 vehicles, according to Russia's foreign ministry -- left the Moscow region on Tuesday carrying over 1,800 tonnes of "humanitarian supplies", including medical equipment, baby food, sleeping bags, and electric generators, Russian media reported.

Four months of fierce battles between Ukrainian forces and insurgents have left rebel strongholds in the east without power, running water or fuel, and with dwindling food supplies.

ICRC's spokesman in Kiev, Andre Loersch, told AFP on Wednesday that "discussions are still ongoing" with Russia.

"The ICRC needs more details of what is in the convoy. The convoy is on the road and the ICRC has not had the opportunity to check what is inside," he added.

Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk lashed out at Moscow for fuelling the pro-Kremlin insurgency tearing apart the country.

"Russian cynicism knows no bounds," he told a cabinet meeting. "First they delivered tanks, Grad missiles, terrorists and bandits to shoot Ukrainians and now they are delivering water and salt."

"It would be better for the Russians to send 300 empty lorries to take back their bandits. Then there wouldn't be any need to send humanitarian aid."

Moscow denies it is seeking to boost the insurgents, but NATO says it has massed 20,000 troops along the border with its former Soviet neighbour.

The United States on Tuesday again warned Russia against any unilateral action in Ukraine, while France expressed fears that Moscow could use the operation as "a cover" for sending in troops, leaving the West with a "fait accompli".

As fighting continued to recapture rebel-held cities, Ukraine's military said on Wednesday that 11 servicemen had been killed and 41 injured in the past 24 hours.

Separately, the ultranationalist group Pravy Sektor (Right Sector), which has been fighting with government forces, said that 12 of its members had been killed in an ambush in the main rebel stronghold of Donetsk.

Five civilians were also injured as mortar fire continued to pound the city, already surrounded by the army, local authorities said.

About 285,000 people have fled their homes in four months of what the Red Cross has officially deemed a civil war.